Perspectivas tecnológicas y nutricionales de la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa): un pseudocereal andino funcional / Technological and nutritional perspectives of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa): a functional andean pseudocereal

Fundamentos: La quinua es un pseudocereal andino, de gran importancia para la seguridad alimentaria en Latinoamérica yel mundo. En el presente artículo, se exponen diversos atributos y aplicaciones funcionales, para este producto ancestral. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión general de literatura, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, que involucró una investigación cualitativa secundaria de índole teórico. Resultados: La quinua posee un excelente valor nutritivo, albergando proteína de alta calidad, fibra dietética, ácidos grasos insaturados, vitaminas y minerales. Se destacan su potencial antioxidante, hipocolesterolémico, citoprotector y coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes. Productos como panes, pastas, cereales y embutidos, han sido elaborados con éxito incorporando este insumo. Conclusiones: El uso de los granos y las hojas de la quinua, con otros fines, como la obtención de aceites, separación de saponinas y fabricación de extractos medicinales, cobran gran interés y prominencia en la actualidad. (AU)

Background: Quinoa is an andean pseudocereal, of great importance for food security. In this article, functional applications are exposed for this ancestral product. Methods: A general literature review was carried out, following the PRISMA protocol, which involved a qualitative secondary research, of a theoretical nature.Results: Quinoa has an excellent nutritional value, harboring high quality protein, dietary fiber, unsaturated fattyacids, vitamins and minerals. Its antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, cytoprotective and coadjuvant potential in the treatment of diabetes, stand out. Products such as breads, pasta, cereals and sausages, have been successfully prepared incorporating quinoa.Conclusions: The use of its grains and leaves for other purposes, such as obtaining oils, separating saponins and manufacturing medicinal extracts, are gaining great interest andprominence. (AU)

Prevalence of Food-Hypersensitivity and Food-Dependent Anaphylaxis in Colombian Schoolchildren by Parent-Report.

Background and objectives: The epidemiology of food allergy (FA) and food-dependent anaphylaxis remains unknown in Colombia. Our aim was to estimate by parent-report the prevalence of FA and food-dependent anaphylaxis in a Colombian population of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: A printed questionnaire was sent to parents of schoolchildren aged 5-12 years old from Medellín, Colombia in order to collect FA-related data. Results: Nine hundred and sixty-nine (969) parents returned the questionnaire with valid responses (response rate, 52.5%). The estimated prevalence rates (95% CI) were: adverse food reactions 12.79% (10.76-15.07), "perceived FA, ever" 10.93% (9.08-13.08), "physician-diagnosed FA, ever" 4.33% (3.14-5.81), "immediate-type FA, ever" 6.81% (5.30-8.58), "immediate-type FA, current" 3.30% (2.26-4.63), and food-dependent anaphylaxis 1.85% (1.10-2.92). The most frequently reported food allergens were milk (1.44%), fruits (0.41%), meat (0.41%), and peanut (0.3%). Sixty-one percent of "food-dependent anaphylaxis" cases sought medical attention, but only eleven percent of the cases reported the prescription of an epinephrine autoinjector. Conclusions: FA and food-dependent anaphylaxis are not uncommon among schoolchildren from Colombia. The prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors should be encouraged among health personnel for the optimal management of suspected cases of food-dependent anaphylaxis.

Validación de material educativo del programa "Niñ@s en Movimiento" para el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil / Validation of educational material of the "Niñ@s en Movimiento" program for the treatment of childhood obesity / Avaliação de material educativo do programa "Menin@s em Movimento" para o tratamento do sobrepeso infantil

Resumen Objetivo: Validar, en un contexto colombiano, el contenido de la primera cartilla del programa "Niñ@s en Movimiento" (diseñada en España), dirigida a padres o cuidadores, y a los niños que padecen sobrepeso u obesidad, disponible en internet con acceso libre. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa. Tras el proceso de selección, participaron 14 niños con sobrepeso y sus padres o cuidadores, del Colegio Básico "Camino de Paz" de Medellín. Para la clasificación de los datos antropométricos se utilizó el programa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para la validación de la cartilla se elaboró una guía de preguntas y se realizaron grupos focales; se usaron los criterios de atractividad, entendimiento, identificación, aceptación e inducción a la acción. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software spss® versión 21.0, y un protocolo de análisis de datos. Resultados: En la sección "La importancia del desayuno", del material educativo, algunos padres o cuidadores manifestaron que es necesario indicar la forma adecuada para preparar los alimentos, en qué condiciones y qué cantidad deben servirles a sus hijos, lo cual no es claro en la cartilla. Respecto a los niños, en las secciones "Mis desayunos" y "Clasificación de los alimentos" se encontró que las palabras técnicas dificultan la comprensión; además, al hablar de la clasificación de alimentos, algunos no los han visto ni consumido. En la evaluación de los criterios por parte del padre o cuidador, el entendimiento fue mal calificado, porque no son claros algunos términos; los niños también calificaron negativamente este criterio, por la dificultad para entender vocabulario desconocido debido a su contexto extranjero. Conclusiones: El desayuno, aunque es un hábito establecido, puede mejorar; sin embargo, las orientaciones de la cartilla tendrían que adaptarse al lenguaje y a la cultura alimentaria local, para que las recomendaciones mejoren la aplicabilidad de este recurso educativo.

Abstract Objective: To validate the content of the first booklet "Niñ@s en Movimiento" (designed in Spain), in the Colombian setting, targeting parents or caretakers, and overweight or obese chil dren, which is available free online. Methodology: Qualitati ve research. After a selection process, 14 overweight children and their parents or caretakers were selected to participate. The children were students at the Colegio Básico "Camino de Paz" School in Medellin. To classify anthropometric data, the study used the World Health Organization program. To validate the booklet, a question guideline was drawn up and focus groups were held. The criteria used included attraction, comprehen sion, identification, acceptance and induction to action. Data were analyzed using the SPSS® software Version 21.0, and a data analysis protocol. Results: In the section "the impor tance of breakfast", in the educational material, some parents or caretakers stated that it is necessary to indicate an adequa te way to prepare food, how to serve it and the amounts that they should their children, which is not clear in the booklet. Regarding the children, in the sections "my breakfasts" and "food classification", there were technical words that compli cated comprehension. Furthermore, when talking about food classification, there are foods they have not seen nor eaten. In the parent or caretaker criteria evaluation, comprehension was poorly scored, as some of the terms were not clear. The children also ranked negatively this criterion. Vocabulary was difficult to understand because it had a foreign context. Con clusions: Breakfast, although an established habit, can impro ve; nevertheless, the guidelines of the booklet would have to be adapted to local language and food culture so that these recommendations may improve the applicability of this edu cational resource.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar, num âmbito colombiano, o conteúdo da primeira apostilha do programa "Menin@s em Movimento" (desenhada na Espanha), voltada aos pães ou cuidadores, e aos meninos que padecem sobrepeso ou obesidade, disponível na internet com ingresso libre. Metodologia: Investigação qua litativa. Trás o processo de escolha, participaram 14 meninos com sobrepeso e os seus pães ou cuidadores, da Escola Básica "Caminho de Paz" do Medellín. Para a classificação dos da dos antropométricos se utilizou o programa da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para a avaliação da apostilha se elaborou uma guia de perguntas e se realizaram grupos focais; se usaram os critérios de atratividade, entendimento, identificação, acei tação e indução pra ação. Os dados se analisaram mediante o software SPSS® versão 21.0, e um protocolo de análises de dados. Resultantes: Na seção "A importância do dejejum", do material educativo, alguns pães ou cuidadores manifestaram que é quesito indicar o jeito mais pertinente na preparação dos alimentos, em que condições e qual quantidade devem servir-lhes aos seus filhos, o qual não apresenta clareza na cartilha. Aludindo aos meninos, nas secções "Meus cafés da manhã" e "Classificação dos alimentos" se encontrou que as expressões técnicas dificultam a compreensão; além disso, ao mencionar a classificação dos alimentos, alguns nem os conhecem nem consumiram jamais. Na avaliação dos critérios por parte do pai ou cuidador, ou entendimento foi mal qualificado, porque não são simples alguns termos; os meninos também qualificaram negativamente este critério, pela dificuldade para compreender glossário desconhecido devido ao seu contexto estrangeiro. Conclusões: O dejejum, ainda que é um hábito estabelecido, pode melhorar; contudo, as dicas do caderno teriam que se customizar com a linguajem e as tradições alimentares locais, para que as recomendações melhorem a aplicabilidade de este recurso educativo.

Development of food for an increasingly overweight population / Desarrollo de alimentos para una población cada vez más obesa

Nowadays, obesity is considered one of the biggest problems in public health, by its high prevalence and the relationship between the not chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others. At the global level, over-weight is increased not only in high-income countries, but mainly in the low and medium, substantially in urban environments. In developing countries close to 35 million people were identified with this problem, while that developed the amount just reaches 8 million.

Self-Reported Prevalence of Gluten-Related Disorders and Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet in Colombian Adult Population.

Background. Celiac disease seems to be rare in Colombians, but there are currently no data about the prevalence rates of symptomatic adverse reactions to gluten or adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) in this population. Aim. to evaluate the self-reported prevalence rates of adverse reactions to gluten, adherence to GFD, and gluten-related disorders at population level in Colombia. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a population from Northwest Colombia. Results. The estimated prevalence rates were (95% CI) 7.9% (6.5-9.6) and 5.3% (4.1-6.7) for adverse and recurrent adverse reactions to wheat/gluten, respectively, adherence to GFD 5.9% (4.7-7.4), wheat allergy 0.74% (0.3-1.4), and nonceliac gluten sensitivity 4.5% (3.5-5.8). There were no self-reported cases of celiac disease. Prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosis of gluten-related disorders was 0.41% (0.17-0.96). Most respondents reported adherence to GFD without a physician-diagnosis of gluten-related disorders (97.2%). The proportion of gluten avoiders was 17.2% (15.2-19.5). Most of them did not report recurrent adverse reactions to wheat/gluten (87.0%). Conclusions. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is rarely formally diagnosed in Colombia, but this population has the highest prevalence rate of adherence to GFD reported to date. Consequently, most respondents were avoiding wheat- and/or gluten-based products for reasons other than health-related symptoms.